Calculate the swap space size As a general rule, calculate swap space according to the following: Amount of physical RAM Recommended swap space 2 GB of RAM or less 2x the amount of RAM but never less than 32 MB More than 2 GB of RAM but less than 32 GB 4 GB + (RAM – 2 GB) 32 GB of RAM or more 1x the amount of RAM Note: Swap space should never be less than 32 MB. Create a swap file 1. Use the dd command to create a swap file on the root file system, where "bs" is the block size and "count" is the number of blocks. In this example the swap file is 4 GB: $ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=4 2. Update the read and write permissions for the swap file: $ sudo chmod 600 /swapfile 3. Set up a Linux swap area: $ sudo mkswap /swapfile 4. Make the swap file available for immediate use by adding the swap file to swap space: $ sudo swapon /swapfile 5. Verify that the procedure wa